Pamalo opangira ma casings a smartphone, zikopa za ndege, ndi makoma omangira makatani, galasi losalalambale ya aluminiyamuitha kusandulika kukhala "khungu lanzeru" lomwe silimamva zala zala, zosagwirizana ndi zokanda, komanso kusinthika pambuyo pokonza modabwitsa. Izi ndi matsenga aukadaulo wa aluminiyumu wochizira pamwamba - kudzera mwakuthupi, mankhwala, kapena njira zamoyo, "zida zankhondo" zosiyanasiyana zogwira ntchito zimapangidwira pamwamba pa aluminiyumu, zomwe zimapangitsa zitsulo wamba kutulutsa mphamvu zodabwitsa.
Chifukwa chiyani chithandizo chapamwamba chili chofunikira?
Ngakhale aluminiyamu imadziwika kuti "chitsulo chosachita dzimbiri", mawonekedwe ake achilengedwe ali ndi zolephera zazikulu zitatu:
Kukhazikika kwa dzimbiri: M'malo achinyezi, aluminiyumu imakumana ndi okosijeni kuti ipange gawo loteteza la aluminium oxide, koma malo okhala acidic kapena amchere amatha kuwononga chotchinga chachilengedwechi.
Kusavala bwino: Aluminiyamu yoyera imakhala ndi kuuma kwa HV15-20 yokha (chitsulo chili ndi HV40-60), ndipo zokopa zimakhala zosavuta kuchitika pakasemphana tsiku ndi tsiku.
Zolepheretsa zokongoletsa: Pamwamba pa aluminiyumu yosasamalidwa ndi yosalala komanso yopanda kuwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamapangidwe apamwamba.
Ukadaulo wamankhwala apamtunda umalimbana kuthana ndi zovutazi popanga zokutira zogwira ntchito za 0.1-500 μ m pamwamba pa aluminiyamu, ndikuzipatsa mawonekedwe monga kukana dzimbiri, kukana kuvala, ndi kukongoletsa. Opitilira matani 200 miliyoni a aluminiyamu amathandizidwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse, ndikupanga mtengo wopitilira 300 biliyoni wa madola aku US.
Kusanthula kwathunthu kwa matekinoloje apakatikati amankhwala
Anodizing: Matsenga a Electrolysis amapanga 'zida'
Mfundo Yofunika Kuiganizira: Miwiritsani zinthu za aluminiyamu mu electrolyte ya sulfuric acid ndi kupanga 10-200 μ m aluminium ceramic wosanjikiza pamwamba mutatha kuyatsidwa ndi magetsi.
Zowunikira zaukadaulo
Kupanga kachisa kakang'ono kakang'ono ka uchi kolimba mpaka HV300 (kuchulukira nthawi 15)
Itha kupakidwa utoto wamitundu yopitilira 200 (monga buluu wa iPhone).
Kukana dzimbiri kutsitsi kwa mchere mpaka maola 2000 (mbale ya aluminiyamu wamba maola 500 okha).
Mlandu wofunsira
Azamlengalenga: Boeing 787 fuselage khungu anodized mankhwala amathandizira kukana UV kukalamba katatu.
Kumanga khoma lotchinga: gulu la Alucobond lopangidwa ndi anodized film makulidwe a 50 μ m, okhala ndi moyo wazaka zopitilira 50.
Electroplating: Cross border Integration of Metal Coatings
Mfundo Yofunika: Poyika electrochemical, faifi tambala, chromium, malata ndi zigawo zina zachitsulo zimakutidwa pamwamba pa aluminiyumu.
Kupambana kwatsopano:
Nanoelectroplating: Japan imapanga zokutira zoonda kwambiri zokhala ndi makulidwe a 1 μ m kuti asunge mwayi wagawo lopepuka.
Composite Electroplating: Kuonjezera tinthu tating'ono ta diamondi ku njira yopangira plating kuti muwonjezere kuuma kwa HV1000.
Kusintha kwa chilengedwe: Njira ya cyanide yaulere ya electroplating imachepetsa kutulutsa kwazitsulo zolemera ndi 90%.
Zochitika zantchito
Zigawo zamagalimoto: thireyi ya batire ya Tesla yokutidwa ndi nickel wosanjikiza, yotha kupirira kutentha kwambiri mpaka 800 ℃.
Zamagetsi: MacBook chipolopolo chokutidwa ndi mkuwa wosanjikiza, matenthedwe matenthedwe amakula ndi 40%.
Micro arc oxidation (MAO): "ng'anjo ya atomiki" ya zokutira za ceramic
Mfundo yaukadaulo: Pansi pa magetsi okwera kwambiri, kutulutsa kwa plasma kumapangidwa pamwamba pa aluminiyumu, kupanga 10-200 μ m ceramic wosanjikiza.
Ubwino wamachitidwe:
Kukana kuvala: Kuvala kumakhala kotsika ngati 5 × 10 ⁻⁷ mm ³/N · m (1/5 ya anodizing).
Kuchita kwa insulation: voteji yowonongeka mpaka 2000V/mm (nthawi 10 kuposa yachitsulo).
Biocompatibility: yovomerezeka mwachipatala kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pakuyika pamodzi.
Frontier applications:
Zida zamankhwala: Germany B Braun zida za opaleshoni zimakutidwa ndi MAO pamwamba, ndi antibacterial mlingo wa 99.9%.
Kusungunula kwa spacecraft: NASA idapanga Al ₂ O ∝ - TiO ₂ wosanjikiza wa ceramic, kutentha kusagwirizana ndi 2000 ℃.
Kanema wotembenuza Chemical: "chishango chosawoneka" chopanga zobiriwira
Zaukadaulo: Palibe chifukwa cha magetsi, pangani filimu yoteteza munjira ya kutentha kwachipinda.
Njira yodziwika bwino:
Kutembenuka kwa Chromate: Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwabwino kwambiri, koma chromium ya hexavalent ndi carcinogenic (yoletsedwa ndi European Union).
Kutembenuka kwa Phosphate chromate: njira ina yaulere ya chromium komanso yosamalira zachilengedwe, yogwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira pamzere wopanga wa Ford.
Kuchiza kwa silane: Kusintha mchere wachitsulo ndi mamolekyu a organosilane kumachepetsa mtengo wakuthira madzi oyipa ndi 70%.
Kusintha kwatsopano kwaukadaulo kosokoneza
Kupaka kwa Nano: chitetezo cholondola cha maselo
Chophimba cha "biomimetic lotus leaf effect" chopangidwa ndi Harvard University chili ndi mbali ya 160 degree ndipo madontho amadzi amangotuluka.BASF nanoceramic zokutira zochokera ku Germany, zokhala ndi makulidwe a 200nm, zimatha kukana mchenga ndi miyala.
Kudzipiritsa kudzichiritsa: "kudzikonzanso" kwa zida
Kansai Coatings ku Japan apanga njira yodzichiritsa yokha ya microcapsule yomwe imatulutsa othandizira pa malo oyambira, kulola kukonzanso kwa maola 24.
Hefei Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, yapanga zokutira zomwe zimagwira ntchito potentha zomwe zimadzikonza zokha zikatenthedwa ndi kutentha.
Zovala zanzeru zosinthira mitundu: malo omwe amatha 'kuganiza'
Magalasi a Gentex electrochromic ochokera ku Israel, okhala ndi kuwala kosinthidwa ndi magetsi (1% -80%)
Ukadaulo wa inki wa Merck wochokera ku Germany wakwanitsa kusintha kwapatali pama mbale za aluminiyamu.
Panorama yogwiritsira ntchito Industry
Consumer electronics: chiwonetsero chammisiri wolondola
Mtundu wa Huawei Mate mndandanda umatenga zokutira zazing'ono za arc oxidation + PVD, zokhala ndi makulidwe a 0.6mm okha.Chojambula cha Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra chimagwiritsa ntchito filimu ya carbon ngati diamondi (DLC) yokhala ndi kuuma kwa HV900.
Magalimoto Atsopano Amagetsi: Kulinganiza Kupepuka ndi Chitetezo
thireyi ya batri ya BYD blade imagwiritsa ntchito zokutira za anodizing + epoxy resin, kalasi yamoto yoyaka moto UL94 V-0
Zida za BMW iX chassis zidakutidwa ndi silane ya ceramicized, yomwe imachepetsa kulemera ndi 30% ndipo imalimbana ndi mphamvu.
Architectural Curtain Wall: Technological Expression of Urban Aesthetics
Makoma akunja a Burj Khalifa ku Dubai amakutidwa ndi fluorocarbon, kupirira kwanyengo mpaka zaka 50.
Korona ya nsanja ya Shanghai Center Building imagwiritsa ntchito zokutira zodzitchinjiriza za photocatalysis kuchotsa fumbi pambuyo posamba mvula.
Zochitika Zamtsogolo ndi Zovuta
Kusintha kwa Green Manufacturing
Biobased conversion agent: kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira zomera m'malo mwa mankhwala azikhalidwe
Chithandizo cha plasma chochepa cha kutentha: kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumachepetsedwa ndi 50%, palibe madzi otayira.
Kuphatikizika kwazinthu zambiri
Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha superhydrophobic, antibacterial, ndi conductive atatu mu zokutira limodzi
Chophimba chamagetsi chotambasula: chimasunga ma conductivity ngakhale ndi kuchuluka kwa 300%.
Kukula mwanzeru
Sensor Integrated coating: Kuwunika nthawi yeniyeni yaumoyo wazinthu.
Kuwala kowala kosinthira makulidwe: imangosintha kuya kwa utoto malinga ndi mphamvu ya UV.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-09-2025