Kodi Aluminium Alloy ndi chiyani?
Aluminiyamu alloy ndi mankhwala omwe zinthu zina zimawonjezeredwa ku aluminiyamu yoyera kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu zake, makamaka kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu zake. Zinthu zina izi zimaphatikizapo chitsulo, silicon, mkuwa, magnesium, manganese ndi zinki pamilingo yomwe imaphatikizidwa imatha kupanga pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya aloyi polemera. Ma alloys amapatsidwa nambala ya manambala anayi, momwe nambala yoyamba imazindikiritsa gulu lambiri, kapena mndandanda, wodziwika ndi zinthu zake zazikulu zophatikizira.
Aluminium Yoyera
1xxx pa
Ma aloyi amtundu wa 1xxx amakhala ndi aluminiyamu 99 peresenti kapena kuyera kwambiri. Mndandandawu uli ndi kukana kwambiri kwa dzimbiri, kugwirira ntchito bwino kwambiri, komanso matenthedwe apamwamba komanso magetsi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mndandanda wa 1xxx umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potumiza, kapena mizere yamagetsi. Matchulidwe a aloyi wamba pamndandandawu ndi 1350, pamagetsi, ndi 1100, pama tray onyamula chakudya.
Ma Aloyi Othandizira Kutentha
Zosakaniza zina zimalimbikitsidwa ndi njira yothetsera kutentha ndi kuzimitsa, kapena kuziziritsa mofulumira. Kuchiza kutentha kumatenga chitsulo cholimba, chosakanikirana ndikuchitenthetsa mpaka pamalo enaake. Zinthu za alloy, zomwe zimatchedwa solute, zimagawidwa mofanana ndi aluminiyumu kuziyika mu njira yolimba. Chitsulocho chimazimitsidwa, kapena kuzirala msanga, chomwe chimaundana maatomu a solute m'malo mwake. Chifukwa chake ma atomu a solute amaphatikizana kukhala mpweya wogawanika bwino. Izi zimachitika kutentha komwe kumatchedwa kukalamba kwachilengedwe kapena ntchito yotsika ya ng'anjo yomwe imatchedwa kukalamba kochita kupanga.
2xxx mndandanda
Mumndandanda wa 2xxx, mkuwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chopangira ma alloying ndipo ukhoza kulimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi njira yothetsera kutentha. Ma aloyiwa ali ndi kuphatikiza kwabwino kwamphamvu komanso kulimba mtima, koma alibe milingo yolimbana ndi dzimbiri mumlengalenga monga ma aloyi ena ambiri a aluminiyamu. Chifukwa chake, ma alloys awa nthawi zambiri amapakidwa utoto kapena kuvala zowonekera ngati izi. Nthawi zambiri amavala ndi aloyi yoyera kwambiri kapena 6xxx aloyi kuti apewe dzimbiri. Aloyi 2024 mwina aloyi wodziwika kwambiri wa ndege.
6xxx pa
Mitundu ya 6xxx ndi yosunthika, imatha kutentha, yowoneka bwino, yowotcherera komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuphatikiza kukana kwa dzimbiri. Ma alloys mu mndandandawu ali ndi silicon ndi magnesium kuti apange magnesium silicide mkati mwa aloyi. Zogulitsa zowonjezera kuchokera pamndandanda wa 6xxx ndiye chisankho choyamba pakugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga. Aloyi 6061 ndiye aloyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mndandandawu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamafelemu agalimoto ndi am'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, foni ina idapangidwa kuchokera ku 6xxx mndandanda wa aloyi.
7xxx pa
Zinc ndiye gwero lalikulu la alloying pagululi, ndipo magnesium ikawonjezedwa pang'ono, zotsatira zake zimakhala zochizira kutentha, aloyi wamphamvu kwambiri. Zinthu zina monga mkuwa ndi chromium zitha kuwonjezeredwanso pang'ono. Ma aloyi omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi 7050 ndi 7075, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga ndege.
Ma Aloyi Osatentha
Zosakaniza zopanda kutentha zimalimbikitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuzizira kozizira kumachitika panthawi yogubuduza kapena kupangira njira ndipo ndikuchita "kugwira ntchito" zitsulo kuti zikhale zamphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, akamagubuduza aluminiyumu mpaka pazingwe zoonda, imakhala yamphamvu. Izi ndichifukwa choti kugwira ntchito kozizira kumapangitsa kuti ma dislocations azikhala ndi mwayi wopezeka m'mapangidwewo, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa ma atomu ogwirizana. Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu yachitsulo. Zinthu zophatikizika monga magnesium zimakulitsa izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri.
3xx mndandanda
Manganese ndiye gawo lalikulu la alloying mndandandawu, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi ma magnesium ocheperako. Komabe, ndi gawo lochepa chabe la manganese lomwe lingathe kuwonjezeredwa ku aluminiyumu. 3003 ndi aloyi yodziwika bwino chifukwa ili ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso imatha kugwira ntchito bwino ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosinthira kutentha ndi ziwiya zophikira. Aloyi 3004 ndi zosintha zake ntchito mu matupi a zotayidwa chakumwa zitini.
4xx mndandanda
4xxx ma aloyi amtundu wa 4xxx amaphatikizidwa ndi silicon, yomwe imatha kuwonjezeredwa kuchuluka kokwanira kuti muchepetse kusungunuka kwa aluminiyumu, osapanga brittleness. Chifukwa cha izi, mndandanda wa 4xxx umapanga waya wowotcherera wabwino kwambiri ndi ma aloyi akuwotchera pomwe malo osungunuka amafunikira. Alloy 4043 ndi amodzi mwa ma aloyi odzaza kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcherera 6xxx mndandanda wama aloyi pamapangidwe ndi magalimoto.
5xx mndandanda
Magnesium ndiye alloying woyambirira pagulu la 5xxx ndipo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kwambiri komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi aluminiyamu. Aloyi mndandandawu ali ndi mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi, komanso amatha kutenthedwa bwino komanso kukana dzimbiri m'malo am'madzi. Chifukwa cha izi, ma aluminiyamu-magnesium alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ndi kumanga, akasinja osungira, zotengera zokakamiza ndi ntchito zam'madzi. Zitsanzo za ntchito wamba aloyi ntchito monga: 5052 mu zamagetsi, 5083 ntchito m'madzi, anodized 5005 mapepala ntchito zomangamanga ndi 5182 zimapangitsa chakumwa chotayidwa akhoza chivindikiro.
